[1] David Harvey, The New Imperialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003: 87-8.
[2] John Bellamy Foster and Fred Magdoff, The Great Financial Crisis: Causes and Consequences. New York: Monthly Review Press, 2009; Geoff Mann, “Colletti’s Credit Crunch,” New Left Review 56, March/April 2009: 121-4; David Harvey, “Is This Really the End of Neoliberalism?” Counterpunch March 13/15, 2009.
[3] Herbert I. Schiller, Information and the Crisis Economy. Norwood: Ablex Publishing, 1984: xi-xii; Dan Schiller, How To Think about Information. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2006: Chapter 3. David Hesmondalgh, The Cultural Industries, 2d Edition. Los Angeles: Sage, 2007: 86.
[4] Francesco Guerrera, “Citigroup ramps up tech cuts,” FT 22 May 2009: 13.
[5] Ross Tieman, “Technology tangles when businesses combine,” FT 28 January 2009, Digital Business Special Report: 1.
[6] International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook, April 2009, Chapter Four “How Linkages Fuel the Fire: The Transmission of Financial Stress from Advanced to Emerging Economies.”
[7] The international share of U.S. corporate profits was around 5 percent during the 1960s, but by 2007, it accounted for perhaps one-quarter of all declared profits. According to Ed Yardeni, citing U.S. Commerce Department figures (in Appel, 2007). Appel, Timothy, 2007. “Overseas Profits Provide Shelter For U.S. Firms,” WSJ 9 August: A1, A11.
[8] Vance, Ashlee, 2008. “Tech Companies, Long Insulated, Now Feel Slump,” NYT 15 November: A1, A14.
[9] Eric Pfanner, “The Outlook Is Murky For Media Advertising,” NYT 2 September 2009: B2.
[10] Geoffrey A. Fowler, “Skype Targets Companies to Ring Up Revenue,” WSJ 23 March 2009: B3; “Skype’s share of the long-distance pie on the increase,” TeleGeography’s CommsUpdate, 24 March 2009.
[11] Joe Nocera, “The Cloud Hanging Over Skype,” NYT 5 September 2009: B1, B5; David Gelles and Maija Palmer, “Skype deal stumbles over software row,” FT 17 September 2009: 19.
[12] Richard Waters, “Cloud control,” FT 26 March 2009: 9; Richard Waters, “Tech rivals in cloud computing clash,” FT 28/29 March 2009: 11.
[13] Walter S. Mossberg, “Some Favorite Apps That Make iPhone Worth the Price,” WSJ 26 March 2009: D1.
[14] “YouTube,” The Lex Column, FT 21 August 2009: 14.
[15] Robert Darnton, “Google and the Future of Books,” New York Review of Books, Volume 56, Number 2, February 12, 2009; Hiroko Tabuchi, “To Win, Beat the Apps,” NYT 26 September 2009: B1, 4.
[16] Tim Bradshaw, “Ad agencies struggle to sell early recovery,” FT 23 March 2009: 14.
[17] Richard Perez-Pena, “The Times Seeks Opportunity Despite Toll of a Recession,” NYT 9 February 2009: B1, B6; Marc Lacey, “The Reticent Media Baron,” NYT 16 Feb 2009: B1.
[18] “Online Newspapers,” The Lex Column, FT 12 December 2008: 12; Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson, “The grey lady’s keeper,” FT 13 December 2008: 7.
[19] Kenneth Li, “NY Times considers sales as it braces for bad news,” FT 10 December 2008: 13; “Michael Oneal and Phil Rosenthal, “Tribune Co. files for Chapter 11,” Chicago Tribune 9 December 2008: 1, 10; Richard Perez-Pena, “Tribune, Major News Chain, Seeks Bankruptcy Protection,” NYT 9 December 2008: A1; Shira Ovide and Suzanne Vranica, “McClatchy Seeks Debt Swap at Big Discount,” WSJ 22 May 2009: B6.
[20] “News Editors Call Off Convention,” NYT 28 Feb 2009: B2.
[21] John Nichols and Robert W. McChesney, “The Death and Life of Great American Newspapers,” The Nation 18 March 2009 retrieved 21 March 2009 at
http://www.thenation.com/doc/20090406/nichols_mcchesney?rel=hp_picks
[22] Bobbie Johnson, “US relinquishes control of the internet,” Retrieved 1 October 2009 at guardian.co.uk See the official document at:
http://www.icann.org/en/announcements/announcement-30sep09-en.htm#affirmation
[23] Though leverage is gravitating away from hardware, which is in over-supply, and toward software and services, a comparable list of IT hardware producers still shows ten U.S. companies among the top 25. Catherine L. Mann with Jacob Funk Kirkegaard, Accelerating The Globalization of America: The Role for Information Technology. Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics, 2006: Table 2.6, 53-4. Also see Oliver Boyd-Barrett, “Cyberspace, Globalization and US Empire,” in Oliver Boyd-Barrett, Ed., Communications Media Globalization and Empire. Eastleigh, UK: John Libbey Publishing, 2006: 53-74.
[24] “Junk in space,” FT 13 February 2009: 6.
[25] Mann: 1 and passim.
[26] OECD Information Technology Outlook 2008: 32-3 at
http://www.sourceoecd.org/scienceIT/9789264055537
[27] Tim Bradshaw, “Downturn hits domain names,” FT 18 February 2009: 5.
[28] Andrew Parker, “Huawei eyes deals worth $30 billion,” FT 9 March 2009: 16; Amol Sharma and Sara Silver, “Huawei Tries to Crack U.S. Market,” WSJ 26 March 2009: B2.
[29] Eric Hobsbawm, Industry and Empire: The Birth of the Industrial Revolution. Revised Edition. New York: New Press, 1999: xi.
[30] Scott Shane, “Global Forecast by American Intelligence Expects A. Qaeda’s Appeal to Falter,” NYT 21 November 2008: A13; National Intelligence Council, “Global Trends 2025: A Transformed World.”
[31] Jonathan Wheatley, “Brazil and China in plan to axe dollar,” FT 19 May 2009: 6; Larsen, Peter Thal, and Briscoe, Simon, 2009. “The fearsome become the fallen,” FT 23 March: 5; Kathrin Hille, “Geithner put on spot as balance of power shifts,” FT 2 June 2009: 4; Robert Fisk, “The Demise of the Dollar,” The Independent 6 October 2009.
[32] Martin Wolf, “The West No Longer Holds All the Cards,” FT Special Report “G20 In Pittsburgh,” 24 September 2009: 1; Edward Luce, “Tensions over IMF threaten to mar G20,” FT 25 September 2009: 1; Krishna Guha, Edward Luce, Chris Giles and Gideon Rachman, “Scepticism over G20 pledge of new era,” FT 26-7 September 2009: 1.
[33] Over the political status of Taiwan, of course, but also over global access to resources and over its own trillion-dollar investment in U.S. demand. Conflict between China and the United States in this strategic area is intensifying (Jopson, 2009; Wines, Bradsher and Landler, 2009). Jopson, Barney, 2009. “Congo pressed over China minerals,” FT 10 February: 3 Wines, Michael, Bradsher, Keith, and Landler, Mark, 2009. “China’s Premier Seeks Guarantee From U.S. On Debt,” NYT 14 March: A1, A6.
[34] Krugman, Paul, 2009. “A Continent Adrift,” NYT 16 March: A21; Bertrand Benoit, “Germany sees poll as dry-run for real thing,” FT 28 May 2009: 6.
[35] McCormick, Gavin, 2007. Client State: Japan in the American Embrace. London: Verso.
[36] Mike Davis
[37] Matt Crain, unpublished paper 2009.
[38] Andrew Ward and Alan Beattie, “House stimulus forced through by Democrats,” FT 219 January 2009: 2; Charlie Savage and David D. Kirkpatrick, “Technology’s Fingerprints on the Stimulus Package,” NYT 11 Feb 2009: B3.
[39] In Charlie Savage and David D. Kirkpatrick, “Technology’s Fingerprints on the Stimulus Package,” NYT 11 Feb 2009: B3.
[40] Krishna Guha, “IMF Chief Urges G20 to Rebalance Economy,” FT 19-20 September 2009: 4.
[41] Norm Alster, “Corporate Profits Are Plunging, And True Picture May Be Worse,” Investor’s Business Daily 16 March 2009: 1,
[42] World Bank, “Swimming Against The Tide”: 3.
[43] Vance, “Tech Companies”: A1.
[44] Andrew Porter, “Nokia braced for drop in phone sales,” FT 15-16 November 2008: 9; Richard Waters, “Cisco Warns of revenues drop as sector feels pinch,” FT 6 November 2008: 19; Chris Nuttall, “TI cuts forecast as sales slump,” FT 9 December 2008: 18; Justin Scheck, “Dell’s Growth Stalls as Businesses Pull Back,” WSJ 21 November 2008: B1; Robin Harding, “Sony plans to cut 8,000 jobs,” FT 10 December 2008: 13; Chris Nuttall, “EA braced for drop in profits as sales slump,” FT 10 December 2008: 15.
[45] Vance, “Tech Companies…”: A14; Gerrit Wiesmann, “SAP to cut 3,000 staff amid gloomy outlook,” FT 29 January 2009: 18; Richard Waters, “Cisco sees deepening gloom for wider tech industry,” FT 5 February 2009: 15; Richard Waters, “Google cuts 200 jobs to cope with downturn,” FT 27 March 2009: 17.
[46] Tim Bradshaw, “Downturn hits domain names,” FT 18 Feb 2009: 5.
[47] Vance, “Tech Companies”: A14; Richard Waters, “Tech groups hold on to cash cushions in uncertain times,” FT 26 January 2009: 19.
[48] OECD Working Party on the Information Economy, Directorate for Science, Technology, and Industry, Committee For Information, Computer and Communications Policy, “The Impact of the Crisis on ICTs and Their Role in the Recovery,” DSTI/ICCP/IE(2009)1/Final, 28 July 2009: 27.
[49] Vance, “Tech Companies”: A14. A new cycle of market rationalization, however, must await more favorable financial conditions. With the December collapse of the $41 billion leveraged buyout of Canada’s BCE telecommunications group, the value of failed mergers and acquisition deals actually surpassed that of those that have been completed. Julie McIntosh and Francesco Guerrera, “Value of failed M&A deals close to eclipsing completed takeovers,” FT 2 December 2008: 13; Martin Arnold, Henny Sender and Francesco Guerrera, “Buy-out funds dry up on fears of ‘Armageddon,’” FT 12 December 2008: 1.
[50] Stephanie Clifford, “A Look Ahead at the Money in the Communications Industry,” NYT, 4 August 2009: B3.
[51] “What Recession? Internet Traffic Surges In 2009,” Telegeography Feed, 15 September 2009.
[52] Scott Andes and Daniel Castro, The Information Technology & Innovation Foundation, “Driving a Digital Recovery: IT Investments in the G-20 Stimulus Plans,” 21 September 2009, retrieved 24 September 2009 at
http://www.itif.org/index.php?id=290
[53] Victor Mallet, “High-flier must come down to earth,” FT Special Report “Spain,” 10 June 2009: 1. [“menos ladrillo y mas ordenadores”]